The field of reproductive health continues to evolve with innovations that empower women with greater control over their fertility. A recent development in this area is the approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant), extending its duration of use from three to five years. This approval represents a significant advancement in long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) options, offering women a highly effective, convenient, and extended contraceptive solution.
Nexplanon is a subdermal contraceptive implant that releases etonogestrel, a synthetic progestin, into the bloodstream to prevent pregnancy. The implant is inserted under the skin of the upper arm by a trained healthcare provider. Originally approved for three years of use, Nexplanon has been widely recognized for its efficacy, ease of use, and reversibility, making it a preferred option for many women seeking long-term contraception without daily intervention.
On January 16, 2026, Organon, the global healthcare company behind Nexplanon, announced that the FDA approved the sNDA to extend the contraceptive duration of Nexplanon to five years. This approval was based on a multicenter, single-arm, open-label study (NCT04626596) conducted in the United States, evaluating the contraceptive efficacy and safety of the implant during years four and five of use. Remarkably, no pregnancies were reported during this extended period, indicating a Pearl Index of 0.0 pregnancies per 100 women-years, highlighting the high effectiveness of Nexplanon even beyond the initial three-year period.
The study enrolled 399 women aged 18 to 35 with varying body mass indexes (BMIs) ranging from 17.2 to 64.3 kg/m², with 38.1% of participants classified as having a BMI ≥30 kg/m². This diversity in BMI demonstrates Nexplanon’s efficacy across a broad range of body types, including women who are overweight or obese.
With the extended approval, the FDA also mandated a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to minimize complications due to improper insertion or removal of the implant. Improper insertion can lead to complications such as migration of the implant, unintended pregnancy, or neural and vascular injuries. Under the REMS program, healthcare providers must complete specific training before inserting Nexplanon, and the product will only be available through certified providers and pharmacies. This ensures patient safety and reinforces best clinical practices.
Nexplanon is generally safe for women of reproductive potential, but it is not suitable for everyone. Contraindications include known or suspected pregnancy, history of thrombosis, liver disease or tumors, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, progestin-sensitive cancers, and allergy to the implant components.
Common side effects include changes in menstrual bleeding patterns, headache, acne, breast pain, weight changes, and abdominal pain. Some women may experience more severe complications, including ectopic pregnancies, ovarian cysts, thrombotic events, and liver disease. Patients should be counseled on these risks and monitored appropriately during use.
Proper insertion and removal of Nexplanon are critical to ensure safety and efficacy. The implant must be inserted subdermally and confirmed to be palpable immediately after placement. Improper placement can lead to complications such as migration, breakage, or difficulty in removal. In rare cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove a deeply inserted or migrated implant.
Nexplanon’s effectiveness may be reduced when used with certain medications, including enzyme-inducing drugs and some HIV/HCV protease inhibitors. Women should discuss all medications with their healthcare provider to ensure contraceptive reliability.
Nexplanon can be used in breastfeeding women, though small amounts of the hormone may be present in breast milk. It is suitable for postpubertal adolescents but is not indicated before menarche. Pregnancy must be ruled out prior to insertion.
After insertion, women may experience changes in bleeding patterns, such as irregular, prolonged, or absent periods. These changes are the most common reason for discontinuation. However, fertility typically returns rapidly after removal, with pregnancies reported as early as one to two weeks post-removal.
The FDA’s approval of Nexplanon for five years of use represents a milestone in women’s reproductive health. Extended use offers greater convenience, reduces the need for frequent healthcare visits, and maintains highly effective pregnancy prevention. Organon’s commitment to training providers through the REMS program ensures that safety remains a priority, reinforcing confidence in this long-term contraceptive option.
This development aligns with broader efforts to provide accessible, inclusive, and effective contraception for women with diverse health profiles and body types. Women now have more flexibility and choice in managing their reproductive health, empowering them to make decisions that best fit their lifestyles and future plans.
Nexplanon’s extended five-year approval offers a reliable, reversible, and convenient contraceptive option for women seeking long-term pregnancy prevention. The rigorous clinical trials supporting this extension, combined with safety measures like the REMS program, demonstrate a careful balance between efficacy and patient safety. As women continue to prioritize autonomy over their reproductive choices, innovations like Nexplanon play a crucial role in delivering effective and accessible healthcare solutions.
This blog is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding contraceptive choices, potential side effects, and suitability based on individual health conditions.
