Life expectancy at birth, broadly depends on two main determinants according to Adler and Newman, 2002 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11900187/). Firstly, chance of surviving early years and secondly, the type of behavior engaged in and the external support system that people have access to. One of the main external support systems in most developed countries is the healthcare system. Importantly, healthcare outcomes in association with behavioral, social and other factors could influence life expectancy (Braveman and Gottlieb 2014, Dahlgren and Whitehead 1991). Review of literature led to identification of seven potential determinants of life expectancy (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650666/) such as 1) health care expenditures 2) health financing policies 3) elements of medical care 4) health habits and population health 5) social determinants 6) social spending and 7) other external factors. This article has two key aspects to explore of which one is “what are the top causes of mortality? The second aspect is how does exercise or active lifestyle impact mortality, thus life expectancy?
